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Patents

  • R.K. Dokania, X. Y. Wang and A. B. Apsel, "Method and Apparatus for localized synchronization detection & retention and Transceiver design for PCO based UWB Impulse Radio and network", filed October 2008.
  • S. Manipatruni, R.K. Dokania, A. B. Apsel and M. Lipson, "Method and Apparatus for Wide Temperature Range Operation of Resonant Silicon Electro-optic Modulators", filed August 2008.
  • X. Wang and A. Apsel, "Pulse Coupled Oscillator Based Synchronization for Wireless Communications", provisional patent application CRF#D-4200-01, filed 8/3/2007.
  • Z. Fu, A. Pappu, A. Apsel, "Gm-Boosted LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator", provisional patent application CRF#D-4193-01, filed 8/3/2007.
  • A. Kopa and A. Apsel, "Blue Noise Active Termination - BNAT", provisional patent application CRF#D-4185, filed 9/7/2007.
  • A. Apsel, A. Pappu, C.P. Chen, T. Yin, "Integrated Receiver in a Commercial SiGe BiCMOS Process" CRF# D-3970 Provisional Filed 08/09/2006. Patent application filed.
  • A. Pappu, A. Apsel, "Synthesis of a Current Source Using a Formal Design Methodology", CRF# D-3852-01, Provisional Patent filed April 28, 2006. Patent application filed.
  • Filipp Akopyan, Rajit Manohar, Alyssa B. Apsel., "Architecture for an Asynchronous Analog-to-Digital Converter." CRF #D-3734. provisional filed 2005. Patent application filed.
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "Low Power, Differential Optical Receiver in Silicon on Insulator", U.S. Patent 6,720,830, April 13, 2004.
  • R. Reedy, R. Athale, G. Simonis, A. Andreou, A. Apsel, Z. Kalajian, P. Pouliquen, "Integrated electronic-optoelectronic devices and method of making the same", U.S. Patent 6,583,445, June 24, 2003
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Journal Papers

  • Manipatruni, S., Dokania, R., Schmidt, B., Droz, N., Poitras, C., Apsel, A. and Lipson, M. "Wide Temperature Range Operation of Micron-scale Silicon Electro-optic Modulators", Optics Letters, Vol, 33, No. 19, Sept. 2008.
  • A. Kopa and A. B. Apsel, "Distributed Amplifier with Blue Noise Active Termination," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 18, no. 3, pp 203-205, March 2008
  • A. Pappu, X. Zhang, A. Harrison, and A. Apsel, "Process Invariant Current Source Design: Methodology and Examples", IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 42, No. 10, October 2007
  • N. Kirman, M. Kirman, R.K. Dokania, J. Martinez, A.B. Apsel, M.A. Watkins, and D.H. Albonesi, "On-chip Optical Technology in Future Bus-based Multicore Designs: Opportunities and Challenges," IEEE Micro, Special Issue on the Top Picks from Microarchitecture Conferences, Vol. 27, No. 1, January/February 2007.
  • A. Pappu and A. Apsel, "Demonstration of Latency Reduction in Ultra-Short Distance Interconnections Using Optical Fanout", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Volume 12, Issue 6, Nov. 2006.
  • T. Yin, A. M. Pappu, A. Apsel, "Low Cost, High Efficiency and High Speed SiGe Phototransistors in Commercial BiCMOS", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Volume 18, Issue 1, Jan. 1 2006.
  • A. Pappu and A. Apsel. "Analysis of Intra-Chip Electrical and Optical Fanout." Applied Optics, Vol. 44, No. 30, Oct. 2005.
  • A. Apsel and A. Andreou. "A Low Power SOS CMOS Optoelectronic Receiver Using Low and High Threshold Devices", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Vol. 52, No. 2, Feb. 2005.
  • D. Yan, A. Apsel, and A. Lal, "Fabrication and Electromechanical Characterization of SOI-based Micro-scanner," Smart Materials and Structures, 14, 2005, pp. 775-784
  • A. Apsel, Z. Fu, and A. Andreou. "A 2.5 milliwatt SOS CMOS Optical Receiver for Chip-to-Chip Interconnect", IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 22, No. 9, Sept.2004.
  • D. Yan, A. Apsel, and J. Chen. "Fabrication of SOI Based Nano-Gratings for Moire Measurement Using Focused Ion Beam". Sensors and Actuators A, 115, 2004, 60-66, May 2004.
  • J. Liu, Z. Kalayjianm, B. Reily, W. Chang, G. Simonis, A. Apsel, A. Andreou. "Multi-channel Ultra-thin Silicon on Sapphire Optical Interconnects", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 2, March/April 2003.
  • A. Apsel and A. Andreou. "Analysis of data reconstruction efficiency using stochastic encoding and an integrating receiver", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Vol. 8, Issue 10, Oct. 2001.
  • A. Apsel and A. G. Andreou. "A 5mW, Gigabit/s Silicon on Sapphire CMOS Optical Receiver", IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 19, Sept. 13, 2001.
  • A.G. Andreou, Z. Kalayjian, A. Apsel, P. O. Pouliquen, R. A. Athale, G. Simonis, R. Reedy, "Hybrid Integration of Surface Emitting VCSEL's with Ultra-thin Silicon on Sapphire (SOS) CMOS VLSI circuits", IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, Vol. 1, Issue 3, third quarter 2001.
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Conference Proceedings and Book Chapters

  • A. Apsel, R. Dokania and X. Wang,"Ultra-Low Power Radios for Ad-Hoc Networks", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 24-27 May 2009, Taipei, Taiwan. *
  • X. Wang, R. Dokania and A. Apsel,"Implementation of a Global Clocking Scheme for ULP Radio Networks", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 24-27 May 2009, Taipei, Taiwan. *
  • X. Zhang and A. Apsel, "A Process Compensated 3-GHz Ring Oscillator", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 24-27 May 2009, Taipei, Taiwan. *
  • R.K. Dokania and A.B. Apsel,"Analysis of Challenges for On-Chip Optical Interconnects", ACM Proceedings of Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, May 10-12 , 2009, Boston. *
  • M.Y. Mukadam and A.B. Apsel, "A 76 dB?, 2mW, 10Gbps optical receiver analog front-end in 80nm CMOS", Argentine School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Technology and Applications (EAMTA), September 2008.
  • Z. Fu, X. Wang, E. Minh and A. Apsel,"A fast acquisition Phase Frequency Detector for phase-locked loops", Argentine School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Technology and Applications (EAMTA), September 2008.
  • S. Manipatruni, R.K. Dokania, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, A.B. Apsel and M. Lipson "Wide Temperature Range Operation of Resonant Silicon Electro-Optic Modulators", Integrated Photonics and Nanophotonics Research and Applications(IPNRA), 14th July, 2008, Boston.
  • A. Kopa and A. Apsel, "124dB.Hz? Dynamic range transimpedance amplifier for electronic-photonic channelizer", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, WA. USA., May 2008 *
  • P. Chen, A. Pappu, Z. Fu, W. Wattanapanitch, A. Apsel, "A 10 Gb/s optical receiver in 0.25 um silicon-on-sapphire CMOS", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, WA. USA., May 2008 *
  • X. Zhang, A. Pappu, A. Apsel, "Low variation current source for 90nm CMOS", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, WA. USA., May 2008 *
  • Z. Fu, J. Lee, A. Apsel, "A 6.8GHz low-power and low-phase-noise phase-locked loop design", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, WA. USA., May 2008 *
  • D.M. Gill, M.S. Rasras, K.Y. Tu, Y.K. Chen, A.E. White, S.S. Patel, A. Kopa, A.B. Apsel, D.N. Carothers, A.T. Pomerene, R. Komoscai, J. Beattie, M.A. Beals, J. Michel, J. Liu, and L.C. Kimerling, "Optical Modulation Techniques for Analog Signal Processing," in Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, vol. 6898, San Jose, CA, January 2008.
  • M.A. Beals, J. Michel, J. Liu, D.H. Ahn, D.K. Sparacin, R. Sun, C.Y. Hong, L.C. Kimerling, A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, J. Beattie, A. Kopa, A.B. Apsel, M. Rasras, D.M. Gill, S.S. Patel, K.Y. Tu, Y.K. Chen, and A.E. White, "Process Flow Innovations for Active Photonic Device Integration in CMOS)," in Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, vol. 6898, San Jose, CA, January 2008.
  • X. Wang and A. Apsel, "Pulse Coupled Oscillator Synchronization for Communications in UWB Wireless Transceivers", MWSCAS, Montreal, CA. 2007.*
  • Z. Fu, A. Pappu, and A. Apsel, "Beating the Power Limit of LC Oscillators", MWSCAS, Montreal, CA. 2007. *
  • C. P. Chen, A. Pappu, A. Apsel, "Monolithic Integrated SiGe Optical Receiver and Detector", CLEO, Baltimore, MD, 2007.*
  • N. Kirman, M. Kirman, R. K. Dokania, J. F. Martinez, A. B. Apsel, M. A. Watkins, and D. H. Albonesi, "Leveraging Optical Technology in Future Bus-based Chip Multiprocessors", 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, Orlando FL, December 2006. *
  • A. Kopa and A. Apsel, "Common-emitter Feedback Transimpedance Amplifier for Analog Optical Receiver", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Kos, Greece, 2006. *
  • A. Pappu and A. Apsel, "Demonstration of Latency Reduction in Electrical Interconnections Using Optical Fanout", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Kos, Greece, 2006. *
  • A. Pappu, Tao Yin, and A. Apsel, "A Low-Voltage Supply Optoelectronic Detector-Receiver in a Commercial Silicon-Based Process", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Kos, Greece, 2006.*
  • A. Pappu and A. Apsel, "Synthesis of Current Source with Improved Current Mirroring Capability", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Kos, Greece, 2006.*
  • L. C. Kimerling, D. Ahn, A. B. Apsel, M. Beals, D. Carothers, Y. Chen, T. Conway, D. Gill, M. Grove, C.-Y. Hong, M. F. Lipson, J. Liu, J. Michel, S. S. Patel, A. T. Pomerene, M. Rasras, D. K. Sparacin, K. Tu, A. E. White, C. Wong, "Electronic-photonic integrated circuits on the CMOS platform," Proceedings of SPIE, Photonics West, 2006. (Invited)
  • F. Akopyan, R. Manohar, and A. Apsel, "A Level-Crossing Flash Asynchronous Analog-to-Digital Converter," Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC). March 2006.* (Best Paper Award)
  • A. Apsel, A. Pappu, and T. Yin, "Integrated Optoelectronic Receivers for Intra-chip Communication," Frontiers in Optics (formerly the Annual Meeting of the OSA), Tucson AZ, Oct. 2005. (Invited)
  • A. Pappu, A. Apsel, "A Low Power, Low Delay TIA for On-chip Applications", CLEO, Baltimore, MD, 2005.*
  • A. Apsel, A. Pappu, and T. Yin, "Merging Traditional VLSI with Photonics", Lightwave Technologies in Instrumentation and Measurement, Palaisades, NY, Oct. 2004. (Invited)
  • A. Apsel, T. Yin, A. Pappu, "Photonic VLSI for On-Chip Computing Architectures", Proceedings of SPIE, Photonics East, Oct. 2004. (Invited)
  • R. Duggirala, H. Li, A. M. Pappu, Z. Fu, A. Apsel and A. Lal, "Radioisotope Micropower Generator for CMOS Self-powered Sensor Microsystems", Power MEMS, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 2004.*
  • A. Pappu and A. Apsel, "Electrical Isolation and Fan-out in Intra-chip Optical Interconnects", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2004.*
  • A. Apsel and Z. Fu, "A 2.5 Milliwatt SOS CMOS Receiver for Optical Interconnect", Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2004.*
  • T. Yin, A. Apsel, A. Pappu, "Optical Interconnects for Commercial CMOS Computational Architecture", SPIE Photonics West, 2004.
  • J. Liu, A. Apsel, W. Chang, G. Simonis, "Multi-Channel Optical Interconnects for Optical Communications and Processing", Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Information Technology and Communication, Orlando, FL, 2003. (Invited)
  • A. Apsel, J. Liu, W. Chang, G. Simonis, A. Andreou, "Integrated Arrays of Low Power SOS Chip-to-Chip Interconnects for Efficient Parallel Communication in CMOS", OSA meeting on Optical Computing, Washington DC, 2003. *
  • J. Liu, A. Apsel, N. Das, G. Dang, W. Chang, G. Simonis, "High-Speed Multi-Channel Optical Interconnects Applicable to Optical Computing and Processing", OSA meeting on Optical Computing Washington DC, 2003.*
  • J. Liu, B. Riely, W. Chang, G. Simonis, A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "Multi-Channel Ultra-Thin Silicon-On-Sapphire Optical Interconnects", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control, Orlando, FL, 2003. (Invited)
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "Analysis of Short Distance Optoelectronic Link Architectures", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003.*
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "A 10 milliwatt 2 Gbps CMOS Optical Receiver for Optoelectronic Interconnect", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003.*
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "A 7mW 1Gbps CMOS Optical Receiver for Through Wafer Communication", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003.*
  • A. Apsel, E. Culurciello, A.G. Andreou, K. Aliberti, "Thin Film PIN Photodiodes for Optoelectronic Silicon on Sapphire CMOS", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003.*
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, J. Liu, "A 6 Channel Array of 500 MHz Optical Receivers in .5 m Silicon on Sapphire CMOS", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Scottsdale, AZ, 2002.*
  • J. Liu, A. Apsel, Z. Kalayjian, W. Chang, G. Simonis, A. Andreou, "Ultra-Thin Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) Multi-Channel Optical Interconnects", Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Long Beach, CA, 2002.*
  • J. Liu, A. Apsel, Z. Kalayjian, B. Riely, B. Gollsneider, W. Chang, G. Simonis, A. Andreou, "Multi-Channel Ultra-Thin Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) Optoelectronic Interconnects", SPIE Photonics West 2002.
  • A. G. Andreou, A. Apsel, P. Pouliquen, E. Culurciello, P. Abshire, F. Tejada, "Silicon on Sapphire CMOS Optoelectronic Microsystems", OIDA 2001, Washington DC.
  • A. Apsel, A. Andreou, "Quality of Data Reconstruction Using Stochastic Encoding and an Integrating Receiver", Proceedings of the Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Lansing, MI, 2000. (Best Paper Award)*
  • A. Apsel, Z. Kalayjian, A. Andreou, G. Simonis, W. Chang, M. Data, B. Koley, "Orientation Enhancement Using Opto-Electronic VLSI and Asynchronous Pulse Coding", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.*
  • G. Simonis, Z. Kalayjian, A. Apsel, P. Pouliquen, A. Andreou, R. Athale, R. Reedy, "Silicon-on-Sapphire CMOS for Improved VCSEL/CMOS Optoelectronic Interconnects", LEOS 2000, Puerto Rico.
  • R. A. Athale, Z. Kalayjian, A. Apsel, P. Pouliquen, G. Simonis, A. Andreou, R. Reedy, and W. Chang, "Hybrid OE-Interconnect VCSEL-CMOS Modules Based on Ultra-thin Silicon on Sapphire", OSA Annual Meeting 2000.*
  • A. Apsel, T. Stanford, P. Hasler, "An Adaptive Front End for Olfaction", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Monterey, California, 1998.*
  • R. Etienne-Cummings, J. Van der Spiegel, N. Takahashi, A. Apsel and P. Mueller "VLSI Implementation of Cortical Visual Motion Detection Using an Analog Neural Computer", Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Symposium, 1996.*
  • J. Van der Spiegel, R. Etienne-Cummings, C. Donham, A. Apsel, P. Mueller and D. Blackman, "A General Purpose Analog Neural Computer for Real-Time Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis: Visual Motion Estimation", Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Handbook-Architectures and Systems, C. H. Chen (Ed.), Chapter 31, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1995.*

* Peer reviewed conference paper

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Other Publications

  • Thesis: A. Apsel, Optoelectronic Receivers in Silicon on Sapphire CMOS: Architecture and Design for Efficient Parallel Interconnects, Johns Hopkins University, August 2002.